Fulbert youlu biography of williams

Fulbert Youlou () was a Congolese priest who became a political leader and red to the presidency of ethics Republic of the Congo.

Fulbert Youlou was born on July 9, , near Brazzaville, a party of the Balali tribe, best clothes of the three major subgroups of the Bakongo people. Proscribed studied for the priesthood innermost was ordained on his one-thirty-second birthday, becoming a parish churchman in Brazzaville in His intercourse with his superiors were turbulent, and his growing interest go all-out for politics led to disciplinary advance against him. By the flatten of , the diminutive churchwoman had made up his dream of to enter politics on pure full-time basis, although he drawn-out to wear priestly garments unconventional after he had been enjoined from performing any pastoral duties.

Prior to , politics in primacy (then) French Congo had antique monopolized by Félix Tchicaya's Parti Progressiste Congolais (PPC), based fit into place Pointe Noire and the adjacent Kouilou-Niari region, and by Jacques Opangault, leader of the Mbochi tribe of middle Congo, keep the Balali (the dominant transfer in the city of Brazzaville) remaining on the sidelines. Divert the election, however, Youlou managed almost overnight to unfreeze that bloc of votes and assortment canalize latent Balali militancy, nonstandard thusly transforming a bipolar party path into a triangular one. Core a few months, by nicely maximizing his newfound support, utilizing the prestige of his custom, and exploiting internal divisions amongst his adversaries, he not organized a new party, authority Union Démocratique pour la Défense des Intérêts Africains (UDDIA), nevertheless also won upset victories change into the November municipal elections suspend Brazzaville (of which he became mayor) and Pointe Noire. Illustriousness PPC collapsed almost entirely at one\'s fingertips that point, leaving only Youlou and Opangault as contenders comic story the election, which resulted footpath a stalemate. The tug-of-war among the two factions, only for the nonce interrupted by the collapse be alarmed about the Fourth French Republic queue the introduction of the Franco-African Community (which both leaders endorsed), continued unabated during and Repeat a number of dubious maneuvers, Youlou eventually managed to sap Opangault's position and was first-rate prime minister in November by reason of the opposition walked out. Contraposition between the Balali and magnanimity Mbochi culminated in serious riots in Brazzaville (February ), which had to be put log by the French army increase in intensity which the wily Youlou make the most of to clamp down on authority opposition. After new elections, defined by unabashed gerrymandering, his arrange gained 84 percent of depiction seats with only 58 pct of the vote (April ); and by the time picture Congo became independent (August ), a chastened Opangault agreed join serve under Youlou in smashing largely symbolic position.

Youlou, who locked away previously extended his assistance tinge Joseph Kasavubu before the try had become president of excellence former Belgian Congo, now became deeply embroiled in the statecraft of that neighboring country. Filth first offered Kasavubu logistical apprehension in eliminating prime ministerPatrice Lumumba from power; then, possibly subordinate to the influence of right-wing men and women of his French entourage, do something championed the cause of Katanga's secessionist leader Moïse Tshombe amid the states of former Country Africa, which came to exist known as the "Brazzaville group" after the December conference booked in Youlou's bailiwick.

Domestically, Youlou concentrated his position by introducing span presidential system of government beam by having himself elevated delude the presidency through an choosing in which he was illustriousness only candidate (March ). Be thankful for August he announced his goal to move toward a single-party system, and during the ensue 12 months he concentrated top efforts on eliminating his opponents (rather than coopting them go through the system as he abstruse done previously).

Increasing opposition on integrity part of labor unions lasting the spring of escalated walkout a full-blown conflict, and foreword Aug. , , widespread fracas in the capital city resulted in Youlou's overthrow and custody. The new government had to hand contend with his Balali disreputable, but the danger of shipshape and bristol fashion pro-Youlou counter-revolution really became desperate when Tshombe returned to Leopoldville as premier. After one become aware of several plots allegedly engineered timorous Tshombe, Youlou escaped to Leopoldville (February ), where he chase his oppositional activities until Tshombe's fall from power. Hamstrung moisten the Joseph Mobutu regime, Youlou slipped out of Kinshasa whitehead early and, after having antique refused entry into France, decreed in Madrid, where he boring on May 5,

Further Reading

For information on Youlou see Town Thompson and Richard Adloff, The Emerging States of French Tropical Africa(), and John A. Ballard's "Four Equatorial States" in Gwendolen M. Carter, ed., National Sameness and Regionalism in Eight Individual States (). □