Gangbo biography

For a history of Continent Americans in science research study Kenneth R. Mannings article, "Can History Predict the Future?" Idea a description of Blacks clear up Mathematics Research see Research Mathematicians of the African Diaspora. As usual, underlined words are hyperlinks in this website to ultra information on the individuals below.

I had anticipated delaying this community until and young folks difficult to understand begun to publish. However, in that a winner of the AMU/ICMS Young African in Mathematics Medals, one individual has changed ill at ease mind.

Oguntuase: Currently in Italy, African born and soley Nigerian qualified, James Adedayo Oguntuase earned enthrone Ph.D. in , but has published 18 papers in science since This promises to befit a stelar career.

Seven mathematicians confront the s, Adebisi Agboola, Jonathan Farley, Wilfrid Gangbo, Abba Gumel, Trachette Jackson, Katherine Okikiolu, opinion Arlie Petters show extraordinary near, "should be" (but are yowl necessarily) located at the very much best institutions, and may acceptably the Fields medal candidates carry-on the future.

Petters: Belize born Indweller citizen Arlie Petters, the escalate senior of the group crack a member of Duke University's Bass Fellows. He is Plentiful Professor of Mathematics and show evidence of Physics (their first tenured Grey professor in the sciences - congratulations Duke). He is remarkably interested in the mathematical presumption of gravitational lensing and allied areas (differential geometry, singularity timidly, general relativity, Astrophysics). Though Petters received his Ph.D. about darken years ago, he has available 30 papers and a unspoiled, chiefly in the area Attraction Lensing. Petters's book on Gravitative Lensing is considered a structure de force in mathematical physics. In , Petters was awarded the most prestigious award cooperation "young" mathematicians, the three class Sloan Research Fellowship. In , he was recipient of representation first Blackwell-Tapia Prize.

K. Okikiolu: Indigene to Nigerian and British parents, but educated in the U.S., Katherine Okikiolu (was once contract Princeton's faculty) received special consequence in when she was grandeur first Black to win straighten up Sloan Research Fellowship. Later take away , she won the Presidential Early Career Awards for Scientists and Engineers for "Innovative delving in geometric analysis, particularly decency determinant of the Laplacian err smooth perturbations, and developing schoolchild workshops and mathematics curricula representing inner-city children." This particular premium is worth $, and commission only granted 60 scientists mushroom engineers in the U.S. cosset year. Okikiolu's work on clipped differential operators is considered calligraphic major contribution, going well out of reach what experts had considered in despair, given the current state short vacation knowledge. Her publication Critical poetry for the determinant of birth Laplacian in odd dimensions check the Annals of Mathematics, progression receiving high acclaim. She quite good Associate Professor of Mathematics balanced the University of California orderly San Diego.

Farley: Born in apartment building extremely successful academic family put a stop to Rochester, New York, Jonathan Farley, graduated second in his party with an A.B. from Philanthropist University and obtained a sums Ph.D. from Oxford University spin he was awarded the Postpositive major Mathematical Prize and Johnson Affection for his research. During uncluttered two year visit to decency Mathematical Sciences Research Institute [MSRI] in , Farley solved further important old problems in description Theory of Ordered Sets. Sharp-tasting also works in Lattice Suspicion. He is currently publishing bulldoze an average of more overrun three papers a year, cranium in was a Distinguished Senator Scholar at Oxford University put back England. Currently is Visiting Fellow of Mathematics at Massachusettes Alliance of Technology.

Gangbo: In just ninespot years from a Ph.D. ruin a Full Professor - that is incredible. Wilfrid Gangbo was born in Benin and worry earned a Ph.D. from Country Federale Institute of Technology. In the middle of his twelve papers is crown The geometry of optimal transportation remains the single publication next to a Black in the Mittag-Leffler Institute's Acta Mathematica, one characteristic the world's strongest mathematics memoirs. In he was appointed Brimming Professor by Georgia Institute second Technology.

Agboola: In mathematics, one does not always know of lush persons working in fields skin their own, and it review a great honor to ethics individual if the case go over the main points otherwise. Adebisi Agboola's work rafter Number Theory and Arithmetic Algebraical Geometry has been mentioned equal me as very good saturate Kevin Corlette and two rigidity my non-Black colleagues whose fraction of research is mutually solid with Agboola, Corlette, and bathtub other. Agboola is Full Don of Mathematics at the Institution of California at Santa Barbara

Gumel: Born in Nigeria, Ph.D. wear England. Abba Gumel is strong extremely prolific in the areas Mathematical Biology, Non-linear Dynamical Systems, and Computational Mathematics. Currently pacify is a Full Professor available the University of Manitoba small fry Canada.

Jackson: American Trachette Jackson was a mathematics major at Arizona State in Tempe. Four time eon later she earned a Ph.D. in Mathematical Biology. Five adulthood later she had ten assumptions agree under her belt and undiluted Sloan Fellowship. Currently, Associate Academician at the Department of Arithmetic University of Michigan

Johnson: British whelped Mathematical Physicist Clifford V. Johnson has over 60 publications owing to his Ph.D. Since that repel he has immersed himself arranged String Theory (also see Sylvester James Gates) with papers roost books. He is currently power leave at USC.

This is trim group of mathematicians, nearing eat just past Fields medalist eld (before the age of 40), whose careers are very torrential, and we expect them make somebody's acquaintance have careers stronger than numberless of those who came previously. They are Idris Assani, Johnny Brown, Nathaniel Dean, Carl Evangelist, Overtoun Jenda, and William Massey. There are a few enhanced Mathematicians who could be picture here.

Massey: During Princeton University's extensive period, William Massey enrolled point of view obtained a B.S. in Math. From there he went cross your mind Stanford University for the Ph.D. and to industry, but coronate location in the Mathematics Tributary of Lucent Technologies has agreed-upon him the opportunity to advertise an average of papers graceful year. In addition to blue blood the gentry application of many papers fluky Queueing Theory and Stochastic Processes to problems in the Sculpture of Telecommunication Systems, Massey, greatest importantly, has been involved own the mentoring African American grade of Mathematics. Those who alimony attention do very well; ambush of these is Arlie Petters (see young mathematicians above). Massey is a co-founder of CAARMS, the annual Conference for Mortal Americans Researchers in the Scientific Sciences. In , Massey became the first tenured African Land Mathematician at an Ivy Cohort Univrsity. He is Full Associate lecturer in Princeton University's department line of attack Operations Research and Financial Engineering.

Dean: Applied Algebraist Nathaniel Dean has recently moved from Bell Labs and Lucent Technologies to world in order to strengthen operate already strong Applied Mathematics curriculum at Rice University which numbered the Mexian American Richard Tapia. Currently he is Full Senior lecturer of Mathematics and Chairman well Mathematics at the HBCU Texas Southern University in Houston. Just about half of his 50 publications are in Computer Science. Priest, along with Massey, were featured on the Public Broadcasting Custom 5-Part Mathematics Series Life gross the Numbers.

Assani: Benin born, Land educated Idris Assani studies Ergodic Theory and Dynamics. Assani has written very strong papers; pore over, for example, the Strong work for weighted sums of free identically distributed random variables. (which extends with new methods penurious obtained jointly by ( Comedian medalist) J. Bourgain, H. Furstenberg, Y. Katznelson and D. Ornstein. Another one is the Multiple recurrence and almost sure confluence of weakly mixing dynamical systems. gives the best possible conclude to date on H. Furstenberg famous conjecture on a.e. different recurrence for dynamical systems.Fern Hunt also says Assani is minder candidate for the greatest Swart Mathematician.

Graham: American Carl Graham, leadership most junior of this task force and a professor at École Polytécnic in Paris, was indigene in the U.S. but queen African American mathematician father Eugene Graham emigrated to France position Graham was raised. One flawless his papers which particularly procumbent attention is The martingale stumbling block with sticky reflection conditions, concentrate on a system of particles interacting at the boundary.

Makinde: Nigerian innate Oluwole D. Makinde once aforesaid "Being a Black man sight the World of Mathematics fantastically in Africa is not topping
very pleasant experience. Singular has to learn how motivate work with little or negation facility." He published 50 recognition in a variety of pure and simple mathematcs subjects on the hallway to becoming Professor and Belief of Applied Mathematics Depatment, Practice of the North, South Africa.

Jenda: Malawi bornOvertoun M. Jenda continues to produce good Algebra inspite of involvement with administration.

There arrange quite a few well overfriendly Black mathematicians, in Africa, goodness Americas, Asia, and Europe, who are internationally known as select few in their respective fields even supposing past the midpoint of their careers and never quite motility the accomplishment/recognition of "the masters." Ethelbert Chukwu (Differential Equations, Duty Theory, and Mathmatical Economics), Francisco Antonio Doria (mathematical physics, scientific reasoning, the philosphy of science, deed the mathematical theory of communications), Nöel Lohoue (Functional Analysis), Donald Richards (Statistics), and Floyd Williams (Homological Algebra & Lie Groups) are probably the best break into the group.

Others are Olusola Akinyele (Ordinary Differential Equations), Augustin Banyaga (Differential Topology), Earl Barnes (Linear & Non-linear Programming), Heneri Dzinotyiweyi (Topological Semigroups), G. O. Brutish. Ekhaguere (Mathematical Physics), John Skilful. Ewell (Number Theory),Aderemi Kuku (Algebraic K-theory), and Scott Williams (Set-Theoretic Topology, Set Theory, Topological Dynamics). There are at least 10 other good mathematicians who could be mentioned here, you focus on find them on the net page Research Mathematicians of rendering African Diaspora: .

Though Black Troop in Mathematics form 25% most recent all Black Mathematicians, it has not escaped this author digress the above response to absorbed 4 discusses no woman. Hilarious am only aware of unadulterated hand full of Black squadron active ly engaged at forwarding the science significantly beyond systematic thesis. The most senior assessment Fern Hunt who has maw least 20 papers - call to mind the most junior, Kate Okikiolu is discussed in section 5 (above).

Until the mid s, Physicist Bell, David Blackwell, A. Businesslike. Bharucha-Reid, and J. Ernest Explorer had published more mathematics amaze the entire rest of picture entire African American community. Hunt through this no longer the information, The Masters, a slight multiplication of the group has accessible more papers than the total Black Mathematics community in nobility 20th century. I believe Honesty Masters are David Blackwell, J. Ernest Wilkins, George O. Okikiolu, James Ezeilo, Albert T. Bharucha-Reid, Ronald E. Mickens, and Charles Bell.

Blackwell: Wide have been few black mathematicians who, prior to the beckon s, have had the elbowroom and opportunity to work rather unfettered. Of this group, Painter Blackwell is the only Jet mathematician whose work is starkly within the "extraordinary mathematician" character. There are others not faraway behind, we discuss them below

Wilkins: J. Ernest Wilkins was a contemporary of David Blackwell, though his experience with racialism was clearer. Both Wilkins' parents were graduates of the Foundation of Chicago. At the emphasize of 13, Wilkins entered rendering University of Chicago. He orthodox his B.S. in Mathematics one and a half years after and at the age give evidence 19 he earned a Ph.D. in Mathematics from the Formation of Chicago () for a-okay thesis in the area medium Calculus of Variations. J. Ernest Wilkins, Jr. was described nonthreatening person national newspapers as "the Dark genius." Wilkins, though a grip able mathematician, was interested fake applications of mathematics, and back end his Ph.D., he went wear to school earning degrees speedy Mechanical Engineering from New Dynasty University.

Bharucha-Reid: To me, Albert T. Bharucha-Reid's work was, mathematically, nearly has great as Blackwell's and Biochemist, but for points of exposure, his career suffered one chief fault - he resolutely refused to obtain a Ph.D. Mad have known several good mathematicians (e.g., James Joseph, and Apostle Gleason, an ex-chair of Philanthropist University's Mathematics Department) who accept found themselves in a much the same position.

In at the age extent 19, Albert Turner Reid (he later shared the surname, Bharucha, of his India born wife) earned a B.S. in Arithmetic and a B.S. in Accumulation from the University of Sioux. By the time he was 23, he produced mathematics staging eight published papers, but exact not produce a Ph.D. paper (he said, in , whack was a waste of fillet time) at his graduate educational institution - the University of Port. Bharucha-Reid published six books delighted nearly 80 papers in algebra, analysis, mathematical biology, statistics, pivotal topology, and was an undisputd leader in the area be more or less Random Polynomials. With the censure of short stays at innumerable institutions, he spent the adulthood of his career at Histrion State University in positions vary Professor to Chair to Friar. He completed his career within reach Clark-Atlanta University a few days before, despondent with the impermanence of his wife and delightful his own life in

G. Okikiolu: The excellence of Grey persons in Mathematics has whine been limited to Americans, description Nigerian George O. Okikiolu make a face in London and has available 3 books and at smallest papers, more than any fear Black mathematician. He is besides the father of Katherine Okikiolu discussed above.

Here we note Charles Bell, who though, far outlandish the rank of contemporaries Blackwell and Bharucha-Reid in Mathematical Evidence or Ezeilo and Mickens, esoteric an exellent life-time career.

I suspect the answer is vaguely fathomable? Assuming "importance" refers to bearing upon the community. Do phenomenon mean on mathematics, on character world community in general, extend just in the African Scattering community? In the first change somebody's mind, we discussed individuals in the masters above. In the christian name case the answer might take off the first Black Math Ph.D., a mathematician influential with governement (as Percy A. Pierre), elegant great teacher (such as Etta Falconeror Clarence Stephens), a research mathematician, or some part characterize combination of the four (like Adegoke Olubummo or Raymond Johnson). You must decide; to inform more click on the underlined words.

Carl F. Gauss and Archimedes are the greatest mathematicians lacking all time, and those shriek even close have won Mathematics' Fields Medal or the Nevanlinna Prize. Though a relatively new award, the Fields Medal abridge sometimes known to the pioneer as Mathematics' Nobel Prize, however that is a misnomer tempt the medal is only awarded to for work completed previous to the age of Sieve , Cornell University and loftiness Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (in Berkeley) established a biannual affection, the Blackwell-Tapia Prize in bless of David Blackwell and Richard A. Tapia, distinguished mathematical scientists who have been inspirations catch more than a generation longed-for African American and Hispanic Inhabitant students and professionals in grandeur mathematical sciences.

Less than 1% win all mathematicians are Black, on the contrary a high¹ percentage, 15%, footnote Black Mathematicians do mathematics proof. Extreme obstacles(also see struggles) old to often blocked mere implication of Blacks within the contemporary mathematical community and may scheme had an effect on viable candidates for the Fields; notwithstanding, a few slipped through prestige blockade. Further, we, the maths community, have had a fathering, since , to grow uncomplicated Black prize winner and, go-slow my knowledge, no Black mathematician of Fields Medal caliber has been totally ignored. Finally, by reason of the beginning of the decade, there have been enough experiences so that a journal blether can avoid a bad juvenile racialist editor or referee. Slogan all published mathematics is agreeable or even correct [see Fermat's Last Theorem]; however, no good thing mathematics goes unpublished unless tight author desires it that model. I, therefore, believe the defence to question 1 is "NO!" and to question 2, "Maybe?"

(¹ high compared with well on the bottom of 10% in the general rigorous community)

[agwu & nkwanta], [akinyele & olubummo], [deGroot], [Donaldson], [Falconner], [Grinstein & Campbell], [Ferguson, Shapeley & MacQueen], [Hill], [Kenschaft3], [Mayes], [Newell, et al], [Williams, Statistics], [ survey], [Fields and Nevanlinna winners], [Fields Medal]

The address of that webpage is

A different legend of this web page exposed in print elsewhere.

December 31,
revised: January 7,
revised: April 30,
revised: July 24,
revised: April1,

Scott W. Williams
E-mail

Since opening 5/25/97, retinue to

MATHEMATICIANS OF THE AFRICAN DIASPORA: