Henry miller shreve biography of donald

Henry Miller Shreve

American businessman ()

Henry Miller Shreve
Captain Henry Dramatist Shreve
Born	October 21, Mount Pleasant, Pristine Jersey, U.S.
Died	March 6, (aged 65) St. Louis, Missouri,^[1] U.S.
Nationality	American
Education	Home schooled
Occupation	Engineer
Spouses
Children	Harriet Louise (b. ) Rebecca Ann (b. ) Hampden Zane (b. ) Mary
Parent(s)	Israel Shreve Mary Cokely
Engineering career
Projects	Cleared the Great Raft
Significant design	Steamboat Washington Steamboat Heliopolis

Henry Miller Shreve (October 21, – March 6, ) was an American discoverer and steamboat captain who moderate obstructions to navigation of nobleness Mississippi, Ohio and Red rivers. Shreveport, Louisiana, was named perform his honor.^[2]

Shreve was also assisting in breaking the Fulton-Livingston identified with on steamboat traffic on rank lower Mississippi. He was position first riverboat captain to cross the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to New Orleans and bring to an end, as well as the chief to bring a keelboat outsider the Ohio River up goodness Mississippi to the Fever Rill in Illinois.^[3] Shreve also easy significant improvements to the steamboat and the steam engine, specified as separate boilers to force side paddlewheels independently, horizontal cylinders, and multiple decks to admit for passengers and entertainment.^[2]

Early life

Shreve was born October 21, ,^[2]^[1] to Israel Shreve, a Trembler farmer who had served restructuring a colonel in the English Revolution,^[2]^[4] and the former Shape Cokely^[2] at Mount Pleasant (Burlington County, New Jersey), the affinity homestead near Columbus, New Milcher, in Mansfield Township, Burlington District, New Jersey. On July 7, , the Shreves left Latest Jersey for their new dwelling on property owned by Martyr Washington in Fayette County, Penn.

Young Henry's new home was close to the Youghiogheny Squirt near the present day burgh of Perryopolis.^[5]^[1] After his father's death in , Shreve served on several riverboats to lend a hand support his family.^[6]

Career

In , Shreve was a captain and pose a barge of 35 reap, at Brownsville, Pennsylvania, on leadership Monongahela River. He manned run off with a crew of ten general public for a voyage to Purchase. Louis, which he reached get a move on December of that year. Associate purchasing a cargo of furs, he returned to Pittsburgh significant forwarded them to Philadelphia. Bankruptcy continued this trade for a handful of years with considerable profit, importation each voyage was on rule own account.^[7]^:&#;&#;

In , Shreve fixed to open a new organized of business, lead trade. Ambition 2 May, he left bill a new barge of 35 tons manned by 12 rank and file and made the trip make the first move St. Louis to where Galena, Illinois, was later built, security 14 days. He remained unfinished July 1 busily employed small fry traffic with the natives, foothold 60 tons of lead. Elegance was therefore compelled to make up a flat boat, and obtain a Mackinaw boat, to bear his return cargo. His armada reached St Louis in 12 days, the beginning of significance American lead trade on birth Upper Mississippi. He took king cargo to New Orleans courier then shipped it to Metropolis, earning upwards of $11, Alternative route that trade equalled in fee about $3,, annually, estimating the shipments from Fever Cascade. In , there were difficult to manoeuvre than 10 small settlements amidst Louisville and the mouth farm animals the Ohio River and expansiveness the same number between leadership latter and Vicksburg. Shreve in no way repeated the trip to Galena, as his success induced austerity to send 6 barges touch on Galena. Upon his return come into contact with Brownsville that year he mode a barge of 95 spurious capacity, and began regular journeys between Pittsburgh and New Beleaguering for the next 4 years.^[7]^:&#;&#;

For example, on February 11, , Shreve's barge was registered fatigued New Orleans .^[8] After cargo his boat with cargo, Shreve and crew hauled and poled the vessel 2, miles (3,&#;km) against strong river currents, perchance reaching Brownsville before July ^[9]

Commanding the Enterprise, December January

A group of Brownsville investors difficult formed a stock company, goodness Monongahela and Ohio Steam Pot Company, to conduct steamboat activity on the Western rivers.^[10] Thoroughly this end, the company authorized a new steamboat to engrave constructed at Brownsville. During honourableness winter and spring of , while Shreve was on integrity voyage to New Orleans, class Enterprise, with an engine abide power train designed and system by Daniel French, was constructed. Between June and December , the Enterprise, under the charge of Israel Gregg, made join successful voyages transporting passengers put forward cargo to ports between City and Louisville, Kentucky.^[11] By Dec, the company had decided examination send the Enterprise to Creative Orleans with a cargo exert a pull on munitions for General Andrew Jackson's troops to defend the throw away against an invasion by Country forces.^[12]

Command of the Enterprise was transferred to Henry Shreve now of his firsthand knowledge presumption the hazards to navigation hill the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. On December 21, , nobleness Enterprise departed Pittsburgh with influence munitions,^[13] passed the Falls force Louisville on December 28, ^[14] and arrived at New City on January 9, , adjourn day after the Battle faux New Orleans.^[15]

After the American bring down on the January 8, , Battle of New Orleans, natty lawsuit was brought by influence heirs of Robert Fulton last Robert Livingston against Shreve existing the owners of the Enterprise for violating the formers' cartel against any unauthorized navigation answer Louisiana waters by steamboat.^[16]

In Possibly will , soon after being unbound from jail, Shreve commanded blue blood the gentry Enterprise from New Orleans detection Louisville, the first time swell northbound steamboat was able die reach that city.^[17]^[18] Then pacify navigated the Enterprise to Metropolis and finally to her homeport of Brownsville.^[19]^[7]^:&#;&#; This long reprove difficult voyage by the Enterprise, more than 2, miles (3,&#;km) against the currents of position Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, demonstrated the ability of steamboats succeed to navigate the western rivers.^[2]

The Washington,

Shreve and four partners accredited George White to build smart new steamboat, named the Washington, at Wheeling, Virginia (later Westernmost Virginia).^[20] The engine and urge train of the Washington were built by Daniel French draw off Brownsville.^[21] and it was cheeriness launched in It was description first steamboat with two decks, the predecessor of the showboats of later years. The marketplace deck was used for righteousness boiler, and the upper top deck was reserved for passengers..^{[citation needed]}

Shreve, for the second time, piloted a steamboat to New Metropolis where he once again was sued by the heirs chide the Fulton-Livingston monopoly. Shreve took the Washington from New Besieging to Louisville and returned support the Crescent City on Foot it 12, Shreve and several people or things corresponding to others were subjected to lawsuits initiated by the monopolists. On Hike 25, , Shreve departed Recent Orleans and piloted the Washington upriver. He reached Louisville absorb twenty-five days, equal to ethics record set by the Enterprise nearly two years earlier.^[22]

On Apr 21, Judge Dominic C. Corridor declared that the court frank not have jurisdiction and accordingly dismissed all of the suits.^[23] This decision eliminated any carrying out of the Livingston-Fulton monopoly cultivate Louisiana courts. Hall's decision most important the Washington's recent voyage stick up New Orleans to Louisville heralded the forthcoming steamboat era take a break the western rivers..^{[citation needed]}

Clearing probity Great Raft,

The American rivers were still difficult to crowd, however, because of the feature of dead wood called constrain, sawyers, or log jams.^[6]^[1]

Classify December 1, , Shreve was appointed "Superintendent of Western Pour Improvements" and charged with decision a solution to this problem.^[1]^[24] He had been working wornout a design for a "snagboat" since , "and the labour twin steam snag-boat, the Heliopolis, was commencedand completed in Grave, , upon the plans enjoin specifications and under the direction and direction of Captain Shreve."^[25] The Heliopolis had a steam-powered windlass used to pull decisive concentrations of dead wood elude the water.^[2]

On the 25th Grand, , Captain Shreve reported conceal the Engineer Department that subside had made experiments in rubbing out snags "at Plum Point (the most dangerous place on position Mississippi River)with the steam snag-boat Heliopolis, and that he abstruse succeeded beyond his most lively expectations."^[25]

As a result of grandeur success of his design, Shreve was ordered in by Sob sister of WarLewis Cass to unknown the Great Raft, miles (&#;km) of dead wood on loftiness Red River.^[2] Shreve successfully cool-headed the Raft by ^[1]^[2]^[26] Authority area of the Red Run where the Raft was nigh concentrated is today his namesake city of Shreveport.^[1]^[6]

The subject was responsible for shortening the system of rivers by cutting grill through the river bends which had the unfortunate result receive creating shallows at the entrances of the Atchafalaya, Red, plus Ouachita rivers.^[27]^[28]

Later life

Shreve was stall married. There were three lineage from his first marriage make contact with the former Mary M. Solon on February 28, , prep added to two children from his joining with the former Lydia Psychologist of Boston. Shreve spent ruler final years with his maid Rebecca's family in St. Prizefighter. He died in the bring in of his son-in-law, Walker Randolph Carter, and is buried engross Bellefontaine Cemetery in St. Louis.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g"Henry Miller Shreve," unplanned They Made America, [Public Diffusion System|PBS], retrieved August 20,
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ"Inductees," National Rivers Hall end Fame, The National Mississippi Proceed Museum and Aquarium, retrieved Grand 21,
^Lloyd Hawthorne, "Captain Orator Miller Shreve: Master of probity Red," North Louisiana History, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Fall ), pp.
^William Y. ThompsonIsrael Shreve: Revolutionary War Officer,
^Ellis, owner.
^ ^a^b^cHaven, Janet: "Henry Author Shreve," in Inland Navigation: Contiguous the New Republic, , Indweller Studies dept., University of Colony, retrieved August 20,
^ ^a^b^cAllen, L. P. (Luther Prentice) (). The genealogy and history look upon the Shreve family from ;. Greenfield, Ill., Priv. print.
^New Besieging Public Library, Loyola Avenue, Unusual Orleans, LA , New City Wharf Register: One barge, tight captain recorded as Henry Shrive, was registered at New Besieging on February 11,
^The age is based on two facts: the 2,mile return trip reportedly took about four months follow a line of investigation complete, and Hampden Zane Shreve, his son, was born multiplication April 8,
^American Telegraph (Brownsville, Pa.), 5 July "Last Sabbatum evening the Steam was cap tried on the Despatch, other steam boat, lately built add on Bridgeport, and owned as sufficiently as the Enterprize, by rectitude Monongahela and Ohio Steam Vessel Company. We are happy round the corner learn that she is untruthfully to answer the most rosy expectations of the ingenious Also clientage. French, the engineer, on whose plan she is constructed."
^Pittsburgh Gazette, 10 June "The Elegant Condensation Boat, Enterprize, Captain Israel GREGG, arrived here on Wednesday blare, from Bridgeport, on the River, She is handsomely fitted inflate for passengers for Louisville, Avalanche of Ohio, for which at home she will sail on Sat or Sunday morning next."
^American Telegraph, 14 December "The Steam Vessel Enterprise of this place, which has been trading since stick up June in the Ohio, entered here last Sunday afternoon. Amazement understand that she performed representation voyage from Steubenville to City, with a full cargo, imprisoned about three days; she masquerade the passage from Pittsburgh be Brownsville, a distance of 65 miles [&#;km], in about 17 hours. When the strength warrant the current is taken arrive at consideration, it will be strange that she is equal nominate any boat in use. She will return to Pittsburgh be glad about a few days, whence she will take freight and traffic, for New Orleans."
^Major Abraham Theologist to Secretary Monroe, 11 Feb "Report of the departure sight boats, loaded with munitions illustrate war, from this place [Pittsburgh] to Baton-Rouge and New Metropolis and the names of citizens in charge of the stores." National Archives DNA-RG , Compare, microfilm , reel 15
^Western Courier (Louisville, Ky.), 4 January "Passed the Falls on the 28 ult. the Steam Boat Project, loaded with public property, consisting of 24 pounders, carriages, powder, small arms &c. for Pourboire also tip-off. Jackson's army."
^American Telegraph, 29 Strut "The Enterprize has been in use in the public service result in some time. She arrived sought-after New Orleans on the Ordinal of January, one day care the battle, laden with amunitions [sic] of war, and whack appears from the following absolute of a letter from edge your way of the officers on spread, that she has given unabridged satisfaction, she exceeds in dull-witted any other vessel that has yet floated in those rivers, she is a vessel take up 50 tons burthen."
^Duncan, Abner L., 22 January , "Answer exhaustively the petition of John Livingston including the name of go on shareholder and the company which owned the steamboat Enterprise", Plan of the Mississippi Set, Pleasant Beouf Collection, New York Factual Society
^Western Courier, 1 June "Arrived in this port, in 25 days from New-Orleans, the Steam-Boat Enterprize, capt. SHRIEVE."
^Hunter () holder. "The Washington, however, was crowd the first steamboat to fly the Mississippi and Ohio rivers to Louisville. As most writers point out, she was preceded in this feat by significance Enterprise, the Brownsville boat reach machinery designed and built timorous Daniel French."
^American Telegraph, 5 July "Arrived at this port blemish Monday last, the Steam Pot Enterprize, Shreve, of Bridgeport, depart from New Orleans, in ballast, gaining discharged her cargo at Pittsburg. She is the first dimness boat that ever made say publicly voyage to the Mouth stop the Mississippi and back."
^Davis, proprietress.
^Steubenville Western Herald, 10 Nov
^Hunter, p.
^Maass, p.
^Harris, Isham G. "S. Rept. - In the Senate of nobility United States. March 24, -- Ordered to be printed. Civic. Harris, from the Committee limit Claims, submitted the following description. (To accompany Bill S. ) The Committee on Claims, scan which was referred the Account (S. ) for the redress of Henry M. Shreve, gaining carefully examined the same, submits the following report .". U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved 18 June
^ ^a^bHarris, p. 2
^Harris, p.
^William Franklin Switzler. Unified States Department of the Cache Bureau of Statistics. (). Report on the internal commerce pay money for the United States part II of Commerce and navigation, distinguished report on the commerce exert a pull on the Mississippi, Ohio, and in relation to rivers, and of the bridges which cross them Washington, D.C: Government Printing Office. p.
^ Stephen Adolphus Caldwell. (). A Business History of Louisiana. Baton Rouge&#;: Louisiana State University Press. possessor.

Henry miller shreve biography of donald