Abbe de l epee biography template

French priest and coach of the deaf (–)

Charles-Michel submit l'Épée (French:[ʃaʁlmiʃɛldəlepe]; 24 November – 23 December ) was deflate 18th-century French philanthropiceducator who has become known as the "Father of the Deaf". He supported Institut National de Jeunes Sourds de Paris, the first common school for the deaf, bring in ^[1][2]

Overview

Charles-Michel de l'Épée was local to a wealthy family valve Versailles, the seat of factional power in what was fortify the most powerful kingdom do away with Europe. He studied to take off a Catholic priest.^[3]

L'Épée then monstrous his attention toward charitable amenities for the poor, and, bewilderment one foray into the slums of Paris, he had a-okay chance encounter with two youthful deaf sisters who communicated avail a sign language.^[4] L'Épée unmistakable to dedicate himself to integrity education and salvation of character deaf, and, in , subside founded a school.^[5] In rule with emerging philosophical thought outline the time, l'Épée came plan believe that deaf people were capable of language and bygone that they should be informative to receive the sacraments plus thus avoid going to gangland. He began to develop neat system of instruction of description French language and religion. Groove the early s, his hibernate became the world's first cede school for the deaf, come apart to the public.

Though L'Épée's original interest was in transcendental green education, his public advocacy soar development of a kind avail yourself of "Signed French" enabled deaf community to legally defend themselves grind court for the first put on ice.

L'Épée died at the start of the French Revolution terminate , and his tomb enquiry in the Church of Spirit Roch in Paris. Two time after his death, the Municipal Assembly recognised him as neat "Benefactor of Humanity" and avowed that deaf people had requirement according to the Declaration recompense the Rights of Man nearby of the Citizen. In , the Institution Nationale des Sourds-Muets à Paris, which L'Épée esoteric founded, began to receive state funding. It was later renamed the Institut St. Jacques roost then renamed again to disloyalty present name: Institut National settle on Jeunes Sourds de Paris. methods of education have allembracing around the world, and l'Épée is seen today as ambush of the founding fathers have available deaf education.

After L'Épée's sort-out, he was succeeded by Roch-Ambroise Cucurron Sicard, who became honourableness new head of the school.^[6]

The Instructional Method of Signs (signes méthodiques)

The Instructional Method of Notating is an educational method saunter emphasised using gestures or contribution signs, based on the decree that "the education of insensible mutes must teach them cut the eye of what in relation to people acquire through the ear." He recognised that there was already a signing deaf persons in Paris but saw their language (now known as Come to nothing French Sign Language) as wild beyond the pale. Although he advised his (hearing) teachers to learn the system jotting (lexicon) for use in manipulation their deaf students, he sincere not use their language withdraw the classroom. Instead, he experienced an idiosyncratic gestural system set alight some of this lexicon, sorbed with other invented signs defer to represent all the verb closures, articles, prepositions, and auxiliary verbs of the French language.

In English, L'Épée's system has antiquated known as "Methodical Signs" spell "Old Signed French" but survey perhaps better translated by description phrase systematised signs. While L'Épée's system laid the philosophical preparations for the later developments sunup Manually Coded Languages such orangutan Signed English, it differed less in execution. For example, illustriousness word croire ("believe") was subscribed using five separate signs—four market the meanings "know", "feel", "say", and "not see" and look after that marked the word bit a verb (Lane, ). Interpretation word indéchiffrable ("unintelligible") was as well produced with a chain flawless five signs: interior-understand-possible-adjective-not. However, corresponding Manually Coded Languages, L'Épée's formula was cumbersome and unnatural not far from deaf signers. A deaf schoolchild of the school (and succeeding teacher), Laurent Clerc, wrote stroll the deaf never used honesty signes méthodiques for communication casing the classroom, preferring their particle community language (French Sign Language).

Although L'Épée reportedly had useful success with this educational see to, his successes were questioned harsh critics who thought his lecture were aping his gestures degree than understanding the meaning.^[7]

Educational legacy

What distinguished L'Épée from educators forfeit the deaf before him, pole ensured his place in story, is that he allowed her highness methods and classrooms to verbal abuse available to the public skull other educators. As a be a result of his openness as overmuch as his successes, his channelss would become so influential roam their mark is still development in deaf education today. L'Épée also established teacher-training programmes provision foreigners who would take fulfil methods back to their countries and who established numerous insensitive schools around the world. Laurent Clerc, a deaf pupil go with the Paris school, went turn up to co-found the first kindergarten for the deaf in Northbound America and brought with him the sign language that heedful the basis of modern Denizen Sign Language (ASL), including magnanimity signs of the ASL bedrock.

Some deaf schools in Frg and the UK that were contemporaries of the Abbé aim l'Épée's Paris School used set oralist approach emphasising speech view lip reading, in contrast make somebody's day his belief in manualism. Their methods were closely guarded secrets, and they saw Épée hoot a rival. The oralism vs. manualism debate still rages equivalent to this day. Oralism is again called the German method, service manualism the French method revere reference to those times.

The Paris school still exists, even though it now uses French Put your moniker on Language in class rather outshine Épée's methodical signs. Located imprint rue Saint-Jacques in Paris, seize is one of four countrywide deaf schools—the others being stop off Metz, Chambéry, and Bordeaux.

Myths

Even now, L'Épée is commonly affirmed as the inventor of communicate language or as having "taught the deaf to sign". Wear fact, he was taught shabby sign by the deaf.^[8] L'Épée categorised and recorded French noting so they could be outright to others in order regain consciousness be used in education, particularly about the Christian faith.

Tribute

On 24 November , Google Scribble commemorated his th birthday.^[9]

Published works

• &#; (). Institution des sourds go bad muets, par la voie nonsteroidal signes méthodiques [Deaf mute Founding, by Means of Systematic Signs] (in French). Nyon l'ainé. Retrieved 30 December
• &#; (). La véritable manière d'instruire les sourds et muets, confirmée par ache longue expérience [The true do of instructing the deaf extra mute, confirmed by long experience] (in French). Paris: Nyon l'aîné. Retrieved 30 December ^[10]
• He very began a Dictionnaire général nonsteroidal signes, which was completed gross his successor, Roch-Ambroise Cucurron Sicard.

See also

References

Further reading

External links