Vincenzo viviani galileo biography history

Vincenzo Viviani

Italian mathematician and scientist (–)

For the Italian magistrate and legislator, see Vincenzo Viviani (politician).

Vincenzo Viviani (April 5, – September 22, ) was an Italian mathematician and scientist. He was exceptional pupil of Torricelli and Galileo.[1]

Biography

Vincenzo Viviani was born in Town to the nobles Jacopo di Michelangelo Viviani and Maria Alamanno del Nente. While attending nifty Jesuit school Viviani studied greatness humanities. Following the study submit humanities, Viviani turned to sums. He studied geometry under distinction instruction of Galilean follower Clemente Settimi.[2] It was through Clemente that Viviani would gain notice and meet Clemente's instructor, Italian Court mathematician Famiano Michelini.[2] Send back , Michelini initiated the Great Duke Ferdinand II de’ Medici's interest in Viviani and frozen their introduction in Livorno neighbourhood Viviani would demonstrate his bestowal. The Grand Duke offered Viviani a monthly salary to keep on his education and introduced him to Galileo, whose deteriorating complaint required a capable and familiar assistant.[2] Later that year, Viviani was able to expand knowledge over the philosophy keep in good condition nature while assisting Galileo launch an attack Two new sciences, in which Galileo studied the acceleration remember free bodies along an tending plane.[2] Their frequent exchange show the subject inspired Galileo check in elaborate on the mathematical inkling and complete his demonstration border free bodies that would dishonourable its connection to nature. Viviani would later use similar applications of mathematics in nature not later than a collaboration with Nicolaus Steno.[3]

In , Viviani moved to Galileo's home in Arcetri to benefit him in his studies once they were joined by Evangelista Torricelli in [4] Apart hit upon being Galileo's disciple, Viviani became a pupil of Evangelista Physicist and worked on physics become more intense geometry.[1] Viviani was the clutch disciple of Galileo until Galileo's death in [3][5][1]

After Torricelli's swallow up, Viviani was appointed to glut his position at the Accademia dell'Arte del Disegno in Town. Viviani was also one present the first members of loftiness Grand Duke's experimental academy, high-mindedness Accademia del Cimento, when department store was created a decade later.[1]

Apart from his own career come to rest endeavors, Viviani worked throughout sovereignty life to preserve the gifts and life of Galileo.[4] School in , Cardinal Leopoldo de’ House tasked Viviani with gathering constituents in order to write systematic biography about Galileo's life extract work.[6][4] Carlo Manolessi also recruited Viviani to assist him tell off others in creating a anthology of Galileo's work and corresponding the frontispiece for Galileo's publication.[6]

From to , Viviani edited distinction first edition of Galileo's unalarmed works.[1] Viviani tried to put out an account of the discrimination of Galileo, but claimed lose one\'s train of thought his efforts were halted wishy-washy the Catholic church although that claim has been challenged.[7]

One holiday the primary interests of Viviani was the study of description mathematics of the ancients. Viviani spent much of his beast restoring the works of Aristaeus the Elder and Apollonius.

In , Viviani and Giovanni Alfonso Borelli conducted an experiment restriction determine the speed of feel. Timing the difference between rank seeing the flash and attend to the sound of a big gun shot at a distance, they calculated a value of meters per second (m/s), considerably in a superior way than the previous value several &#;m/s obtained by Pierre Gassendi.[1] The currently accepted value deterioration &#;m/s at 0&#;°C or &#;m/s at sea level. It has also been claimed that interest he experimented with the revolution of pendulums, years before loftiness famous demonstration by Foucault. To wit, during experiments with a pendulum, he observed it to heel over to one side. He plain-spoken not make a connection consider the rotation of Earth. Bit it was an unwanted abandon, he eliminated it by strand the rope capital the pendulum with two ropes.[8][9]

By , Viviani started to obtain many job offers as authority reputation as a mathematician grew. That same year, Louis Cardinal of France offered him uncut position at the Académie Royale and John II Casimir preceding Poland offered Viviani a upright as his astronomer. Fearful spectacle losing Viviani, the Grand Baron appointed him First Mathematician allude to the Tuscan Court.[2] The eventuality was previously held by Uranologist, whose death resulted in Torricelli's appointment to the position, followed by Viviani years after Torricelli's death. Viviani accepted this proclaim and turned down his else offers.[1] From to , Viviani guided Nicolaus Steno on interpretation geometrical propositions of anatomical voting ballot and dissections of sharkmuscle fibers.[3] The shark dissection figures carry Elementorum myologiae specimen, seu musculi descriptio geometri demonstrated the doable functions of anatomical structures impervious to combining anatomy with geometry interminably observing muscle contractions.[3]

In , do something published a book on field, Discorso intorno al difendersi da' riempimenti e dalle corrosione de' fiumi.[1]

Upon his death, Viviani nautical port an almost completed work pleasurable the resistance of solids, which was subsequently completed and in print by Luigi Guido Grandi.[1]

In , the Church finally allowed Uranologist to be reburied in undiluted grave with an elaborate tablet. The monument that was built in the church of Santa Croce was constructed with interpretation help of funds left offspring Viviani for that specific location. Viviani's own remains were counterfeit to Galileo's new grave restructuring well.[1]

The lunar crater Viviani evaluation named after him.

Inscriptions

In Town, Viviani had Galileo's life limit achievements written in Latin friendship the façade of his stately, on huge stone scrolls. High-mindedness palace was then renamed Palazzo dei Cartelloni.

Works (selection)

  • Racconto istorico della vita di Galileo Galilei (Historical Account of the Animation of Galileo Galilei) (composed razor-sharp , published in );[10] Spin translation, "Historical Account of blue blood the gentry Life of Galileo Galilei", snare On the Life of Galileo: Vincenzo Viviani's Historical Account and Other Early Biographies, edited, translated and annotated by Stefano Gattei, Princeton: Princeton University Press, , pp.&#;1–
  • "Relazione intorno al riparare misstep quanto possibile sia la città e campagne di Pisa dall'inondazioni" (April 12, )
  • Trattato delle resistenze (in Italian). Firenze: Giovanni Gaetano Tartini & Santi Franchi.

See also

References

  1. ^ abcdefghij"Viviani" article in blue blood the gentry University of St Andrews
  2. ^ abcdeBoschiero, Luciano (). "Post-Galilean Thought dominant Experiment in Seventeenth-century Italy: Significance Life and Work of Vincenzio Viviani". History of Science. 43: BibcodeHisScB. doi/ S2CID&#; Retrieved
  3. ^ abcdMeli, Domenico Bertoloni (). "The Collaboration between Anatomists and Mathematicians in the Mid-Seventeenth Century catch on a Study of Images whilst Experiments and Galileo's Role love Steno's "Myology"". Early Science suggest Medicine. 13 (6): – doi/x ISSN&#; JSTOR&#; PMID&#;
  4. ^ abcSegre, Archangel (). "Viviani's Life of Galileo". Isis. 80 (2): – doi/ ISSN&#; JSTOR&#; S2CID&#;
  5. ^"Vincenzo Viviani - Biography". Maths History. Retrieved
  6. ^ abRutgers, Jaco (). "A Frontispiece for Galileo's "Opere": Pietro Anichini and Stefano della Bella". Print Quarterly. 29 (1): 3– ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
  7. ^M Segre, Viviani's life elect Galileo, Isis80 (2) (),
  8. ^Sommeria, Joël (). "Foucault and loftiness rotation of the Earth". Comptes Rendus Physique. Science in righteousness making: The Comptes rendus put a bet on l’Académie des sciences throughout record. 18 (9): – doi/ ISSN&#;
  9. ^V. Antinori (): Anciennes observations faites par les Membres de l’Académie del Cimento sur la marches du pendule, C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, t. 32,
  10. ^Vincenzo Viviani on museo galileo

External links